Water is the essence of life, yet millions worldwide lack access to the clean water they need for drinking, cooking, bathing, handwashing, and growing food. Despite progress, the global water crisis continues to impact the world’s most vulnerable communities.

While the number of people lacking access to clean water has fallen from 1.1 billion in 2000 to 703 million in 2022, challenges remain. In addition to the importance of having basic access to a clean water source, there are also many opportunities to multiply the benefits of clean water through improved sanitation and hygiene behavior change.

World Water Day, observed annually on March 22, highlights the urgency of addressing the global water crisis.

Global water crisis: Facts, FAQs, and how to help

• Fast facts: Global water crisis
• Water, sanitation, and hygiene matter for children and families
• Why does World Vision combine clean water with good sanitation and hygiene? What is WASH?
• Why do people walk long distances for water instead of settling near to water sources?
• The challenges of digging wells
• Women and girls are most affected by water scarcity
• How much does equipping one person with access to clean water cost?
• World Vision’s water impact
• World Vision goals: 2023–2030
• How can I help end the global water crisis?
• Timeline of World Vision’s water work
• Milestones of the global water crisis

Fast facts: Global water crisis

• 703 million people — 1 in 11 people worldwide — lack access to clean water.
• 2.2 billion people do not have access to safely managed drinking water services.
• Women and girls around the world spend an estimated 250 million hours carrying water every day, walking on average 6 kilometers (about 3.7 miles) daily to haul 44 pounds of water.
• More than 1,000 children under 5 die every day from diseases related to lack of clean water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH).
• 1.69 billion people live without access to adequate sanitation, and 419 million people still practice open defecation.
• The United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 6 (clean water and sanitation) aims for universal access to clean water and sanitation by 2030.

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Every child deserves clean water.

Water, sanitation, and hygiene matter for children and families

Investing in clean water, sanitation, and hygiene behavior change is one of the most effective ways to improve people’s lives and tackle extreme poverty. The benefits include:

• Families becoming healthier: WASH programs work together to powerfully prevent the spread of most illnesses and are one of the most effective ways to reduce child mortality rates.
• Children getting better nourishment: Clean water and good sanitation and hygiene help kids grow taller, stronger, and healthier. They get more nutrition from their food because they’re not sick. Families can use water to irrigate their gardens to grow more nutritious food year-round.
• Children attending and succeeding in school: When children don’t have to walk long distances to get water, they have more time to attend school and more energy to learn. This is especially important for girls, who most often spend their days collecting water for their families instead of focusing on school.
• Family income improving: Families save money on healthcare, and access to clean water helps ensure income-generating activities like agriculture and small businesses.

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Why does World Vision combine clean water with good sanitation and hygiene? What is WASH?

Beyond clean water, maintaining proper hygiene behavior and sanitation is crucial for overall health. When we support families with hygiene behavior change and sanitation facilities, such as latrines and handwashing stations, it not only enhances the health benefits of clean water but helps prevent the spread of illnesses and diseases. Even simple actions like handwashing can contribute to children growing taller, stronger, and healthier. Facts about water reveal that water, sanitation, and hygiene are so intertwined that they have been combined into one sector known in the global aid community as WASH.

Read how the access to clean water helped transform the lives of Grace and her family in Kenya.

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Why do people walk long distances for water instead of settling near to water sources?

Many people served by World Vision are farmers who rely on their crops or livestock to survive. Families are unable to move because it costs too much to start over. In places where there is water scarcity, or where water availability changes with the seasons, some people do have to move many times. The best solution is to make a clean water source close to their homes.

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The challenges of digging wells

While some people dig their own shallow wells for groundwater, these open and unprotected wells are often contaminated with bacteria, viruses, and parasites, failing to provide clean water. Even if they’re initially safe, they risk contamination from surface water runoff, particularly in areas where open defecation is common.

World Vision provides protected and permanent water sources using technologies best suited to each context where we work. Water taps are commonly built from piped-water systems, connecting clean sources like drilled boreholes or protected springs to a distribution network. For drilled wells, a borehole area with a cement slab prevents contamination during rainfall. Water undergoes rigorous testing before community access.

Communities are trained to maintain cleanliness around water points and manage systems for continuous water flow. This effort ensures that the community has a lasting and reliable water source.

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Women and girls are most affected by water scarcity

Women and girls carry the greatest burden of the global water crisis because they’re most likely to be responsible for hauling water to their homes in the developing world.

• Daily water collection: Women and girls spend an estimated 250 million hours collecting water every day.
• Water access in the developing world: Women and girls walk an average of 6 kilometers — about 3.7 miles — to carry 44 pounds of water every day. This daily task saps their energy for other activities and robs them of the opportunity to spend this time with family or to pursue school and income-generating activities to improve their lives.
• Menstrual health and education: Girls who attend school until adolescence are more likely to drop out when they start menstruating unless their school has clean water, latrines, sanitary supplies, and support for hygiene behavior change. Helping young women to manage menstrual health is not only about providing appropriate facilities, but also addressing social norms.
• Maternal and newborn health: The lack of clean water, sanitation facilities, and proper hygiene contributes to high rates of disease and death among birthing mothers and newborns in the developing world. In areas where World Vision works, half of the health clinics don’t have clean water, and 5 in 6 don’t even have basic handwashing facilities.

World Vision is accelerating our push to ensure health clinics have access to clean water, latrines, and handwashing facilities so moms can have safer deliveries.

As a global leader in partnering with rural health clinics, we’re dedicated to providing 3,000 healthcare facilities with clean water access by 2030. This initiative includes upgrading every health center, everywhere we work in Rwanda, Niger, and Zambia, serving an estimated 2.7 million people.

Read about the burden 12-year-old Faith must carry to care for her family in Mozambique.

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How much does equipping one person with access to clean water cost?

The average cost for World Vision to equip one person with access to clean water is $50. This covers the initial access and ensures long-term upkeep of wells and water points for generational impact. And by leveraging other resources, such as child sponsorship and local funds, each person who benefits from clean water is also trained and equipped to practice safe sanitation and hygiene.

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World Vision’s impact

World Vision is the leading nongovernmental provider of clean water in the developing world. Our goal is to ensure vulnerable people, including those with disabilities, in disease-burdened rural areas have access to clean water, improved sanitation, and hygiene behavior-change programming. Some key achievements include:

• Reaching one new person every 10 seconds with clean water, and one new person with a handwashing facility as well.
• Supporting 14,175 schools and 4,940 healthcare facilities, and more than 9.4 million households during the COVID-19 pandemic through access to clean water from 2020 to 2022.
• More than 1,200 World Vision WASH professionals and thousands of development professionals live and work in communities worldwide to co-create lasting solutions.

World Vision’s impact is sustained through water sources that continue to flow. With an average investment of 10 to 15 years in a community, we cultivate local ownership and train people to manage and maintain water points. Facts about water sustainability reveal that ongoing maintenance is crucial for ensuring long-term access. To reach our goal of helping end the global water crisis in our lifetimes, we:

• Drill and rehabilitate wells, develop piped-water systems, and create other vital water points
• Teach local community members how to keep water flowing
• Oversee the building of latrines and handwashing facilities
• Promote healthy hygiene practices through behavior change programming

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Lisa (shown above) and her family, who live in a floating community in Cambodia, now enjoy access to clean water through the Safe Drinking Water for Cambodia project. In partnership with World Vision and Procter & Gamble (P&G), they use P&G water purifiers to ensure their water is safe for drinking, cooking, and daily use. This program has improved their health and reduced the high costs of buying water.

Before receiving the P&G products, Lisa’s mother said, “… I used water from the lake for cooking and drinking.” She said she didn’t realize the bacteria she was ingesting until they started using the purifier.

Lisa said that she and her friends enjoy clean water and together fill a 10-liter container with water, add one P&G purification sachet, and wait for the 20-minute or so process to work. “I am happy to use P&G purify water products,” she says.

Through this program, 6,015 students in 33 schools and 6,254 households were supported with over 3.96 million P&G water purifier sachets like the one shown above. Also, 2,143 children participated in water and hygiene education programs, and 11 hygiene facilities were built in schools.

World Vision goals: 2023–2030

Together with our donors and partners, we are committed to reaching everyone, everywhere we work with clean water. Between 2023 and 2030, we will reach 30 million people with access to clean water.

Our global WASH program specifically promotes the inclusion of the most vulnerable men, women, and children. It will ensure that people with disabilities, those affected by HIV and AIDS, and other vulnerable groups in each area are actively included and benefit from hygiene messaging and increased access to sustainable clean water and improved sanitation.

We believe through partnering with local governments, communities, and other humanitarian organizations, collectively we can achieve this goal. In 2024, we equipped 3.1 million people with safer, more accessible water, 2.4 million people with household sanitation, and 2.8 million people with household handwashing facilities.

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How can I help end the global water crisis?

You can help families in need gain access to clean water by partnering with World Vision. Here’s how:

• Pray: Join us in praying for people in vulnerable communities in need of clean water.
• Give: Help equip children and families with lasting access to clean water.
• Get involved: Walk, run, or roll World Vision’s Global 6K for Water® on May 17, 2025, to empower children worldwide with clean water access. You can also make a long-term commitment to join Team World Vision in the race to empower children and families around the world with clean water.

Read how one grandmother and her granddaughter have raised funds for clean water for over a decade.

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Timeline of World Vision’s water work

1960s: World Vision started small water projects.

Early 1980s: Severe droughts in Africa focused the world’s attention on the urgent need for clean, accessible water.

1985: World Vision began water drilling projects in Ghana.

1990: World Vision increased its commitment to clean water, and the Conrad N. Hilton Foundation partners in the Ghana water effort.

2000s: We scaled up water work.

• 2003: Our West Africa Water Initiative extended drilling into Mali and Niger.
• 2005: West Africa’s 2,000th well was drilled in Ghana.
• 2006: Large-scale water work began in Ethiopia.
• 2009: Large-scale water work began in Zambia, including promoting safe sanitation and hygiene practices.

Read how Max Lucado encountered the realities of dirty water in Ethiopia.

2010s: We expanded our reach and dug deep.

• 2011: World Vision began an intentional scale-up of WASH activities in 10 countries in Africa. The number of people with clean water access increases 20-fold when comparing 2010 to 2016.
• 2012: WASH programming began in Honduras.
• 2013: WASH programs began in India. World Vision and P&G celebrate a partnership that has provided 1 billion liters of purified water, hosting former President Bill Clinton and Chelsea Clinton to see the impact in Rwanda.
• 2014: A University of North Carolina independent study revealed that nearly 80% of World Vision wells in Ghana still functioned at high levels, even after 20 years. The 1,000th productive well was drilled in Mali. In December, the U.S. Congress passed Water for the World Act, prioritizing the provision of clean water and sanitation for the world’s most vulnerable people. World Vision started reaching one person every 30 seconds with clean water.
• 2015: In September, driven by a $40 million gift to our water programs by Dana and Dave Dornsife, World Vision announced plans to reach one new person with clean water every 10 seconds by 2020 — with the vision of achieving universal water access everywhere we work.
• 2016: World Vision expanded our WASH work into more countries in Latin America and the Caribbean, along with the Middle East, reaching 4.6 million new people with clean water.
• 2017: World Vision achieved the milestone of reaching one new person every 10 seconds with clean water. In June, World Vision drilled our 1,500th borehole well in Mali since 2003.

2020s: We set ambitious goals.

• 2020: Amid the global COVID-19 pandemic, World Vision reached our five-year goal of helping 20 million people around the world get lasting access to clean water.
• 2023: We exceeded our goal to make clean water available for everyone, everywhere we work in Rwanda, ultimately reaching over 1.1 million people.
• 2030: World Vision aims to reach 50 million people with access to clean water between 2015 and 2030. As part of this commitment, we reached 25.5 million people between 2016 and 2022.

Learn more about World Vision’s water work.

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Milestones of the global water crisis

1700s to 1800s: Industrialization led to increased urbanization in Europe, highlighting the need for clean water supplies and sanitation.

1800s: Water shortages first appeared in historical records.

1854: Dr. John Snow discovered the link between water and the spread of cholera during an outbreak in London.

1866: In the United States, there were 136 public water systems; by the turn of the century, there were 3,000.

1900: Since 1900, more than 11 million people had lost their lives to drought, and more than 2 billion people have been affected.

1972: The U.S. Clean Water Act updated 1948 legislation to control water pollution and funded construction of sewage treatment plants.

1993: The U.N. General Assembly designated March 22 as World Water Day.

2000: The U.N. member states set Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) for development progress, including a 2015 target to halve the number of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water.

2003: UN-Water was founded as a coordinating platform for sanitation and freshwater access issues.

2005: About 35% of the global population experienced chronic water shortages, up from 9% in 1960.

2005 to 2015: U.N. member states prioritized water and sanitation development during the International Decade for Action “Water for Life.”

2008: The U.N.-recognized International Year of Sanitation prioritized health and dignity.

2010: The MDGs’ clean water access target was achieved five years ahead of schedule. More than 2 billion people gained access to safe drinking water since 1990. The U.N. General Assembly recognized the right of each person to have adequate supplies of water for personal and domestic use that were physically accessible, equitably distributed, safe, and affordable.

2013: The U.N. designated November 19 as World Toilet Day to highlight the global issue that billions of people still don’t have access to proper sanitation.

2015: About 2.6 billion people have had access to clean water in the last 25 years, and about 1.4 billion gained access to basic sanitation since 2000. The U.N. member states signed on to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) — successors to the MDGs, that promise clean water and sanitation for all by 2030.

2018: U.N. Secretary-General António Guterres made a global call to action for WASH in all healthcare facilities, citing their crucial role in disease prevention and reduction. Without basic WASH services, health centers could contribute to more infections and preventable deaths for mothers and newborns.

2020: Globally, about 1.8. billion patients and health workers faced a higher risk of COVID-19 infection and other diseases due to the lack of basic water and sanitation facilities at health services, according to WHO and the U.N. Children’s Fund (UNICEF).

2023: Up to an estimated 3 billion people globally faced water shortages. This crisis is set to escalate in the coming decades, particularly in urban areas, without enhanced international cooperation. These findings are from the U.N. World Water Development Report 2023. The report revealed that 2 billion people (26% of the population) lack safe drinking water, while 3.6 billion (46%) lack access to safely managed sanitation.

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Every day, women and girls spend 250 million hours walking to collect water for their families. That’s 10.4 million days. More than 28,530 years. It’s hard to get your head around numbers that large, so start instead with 6K.

The “K” stands for kilometer. 6K, a little more than 3.7 miles, is the average distance round trip women and children in the developing world walk for water — water that is often contaminated with life-threatening diseases.

How far is 6K?

• 15 laps around a football field
• Twice the length of the National Mall in Washington, D.C. — from the Lincoln Memorial to the steps of the U.S. Capitol and back again
• Five times the number of steps to climb the Empire State Building

You could do that, right? (Well, maybe not the climbing part; that would be hard.)

You could probably walk 6K in an hour and 15 minutes. At a brisk walk, you could shave off the 15 minutes. On a flat, smooth sidewalk, most people can walk a mile in 17 to 20 minutes. If you’re a runner, you could cover the distance in half that time.

Easy peasy.

Walking for water in Africa

But that’s not how it’s done in sub-Saharan Africa. There, people don’t have access to an improved water source. Moms and daughters walk their 6K barefoot or in rubber sandals to collect water from polluted rivers and ponds. More than 3 million children and nearly 14 million women walk more than 30 minutes to collect water. And they often make that trip more than once a day!

Maybe they climb up steep hills or over rocks, slide down a steep gully, or circle around thorn trees. There may be snakes and bees or people who want to rob them — or worse — lying in wait along the way.

On the way home from the water source, it’s even harder.

You know what it’s like to carry a gallon of milk from the car to the kitchen counter? Try a gallon in each hand at 8.6 pounds each, and the total weight is less than half the 44 pounds an African woman carries on her head in a 20-liter jerrycan. You see, carrying water is not just difficult, it’s a lifelong pain in the neck or back that sometimes causes serious health problems.

But would that 20-liter jerrycan be enough water for your family to drink, cook, bathe, and wash for a day? No way. Fifteen liters a day is considered a bare minimum water supply for only one person. You might have to walk to the waterhole many times a day for more than that. Knowing that puts those 200 million hours in perspective, doesn’t it?

Want to learn more? Read what Melinda Gates of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation says about the “time poverty” experienced by women and girls in the developing world because of time-consuming tasks like carrying water and collecting firewood.

How you can help end the global water crisis

So now that you know more about the walk for water of people in sub-Saharan Africa and many other developing countries around the world, what can you do about it?

Walk or run World Vision’s Global 6K for Water on Saturday, May 17, 2025, so that one more person will enjoy life-changing clean water without having to walk 6K for it.

The Global 6K is great because you can do it anywhere! Walk or run the distance, by yourself or with your family, and be part of this global movement to change lives. Whether you join from the treadmill or your favorite trail, the neighborhood or the track … when you and thousands of others around the world walk, jog, or stroller-run your way to 6K, you’ll bring life-changing clean water to those who need it most. With World Vision’s Global 6K, you can join thousands virtually, walking or running from your own space to bring clean water to children in need. Now more than ever, clean water is essential to protect vulnerable children and families.

Sign up here! Your $50 registration benefits World Vision’s water initiatives. You’ll receive a World Vision Global 6K for Water T-shirt, race bib with the face of a child you’re running for, and medal in the mail.

If you’re among the 9 out of 10 people on the planet who have clean water access close to your home and around the clock, count yourself lucky. Hundreds of millions of people are not so fortunate, and their families pay the price daily. Water-related diseases sap their energy. Carrying buckets of dirty water for hours prevents moms from earning money and kids from attending school. They don’t have the water they need to irrigate crops or water livestock. And at the end of the day, it’s hard to rest knowing the next day will be the same.

These are people who lack basic water service. Instead, they must walk more than 30 minutes round trip to a water source every day.

Here are the top countries with the highest percentage of the population lacking basic access to water. World Vision works in nine of them, and eight are among the 24 countries in Africa where we’re helping to improve access to clean water and sanitation. The list comes from 2020 estimates by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP), a custodian of global data on progress on clean water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH).

Niger: 54% lack access to clean water

Niger, the largest country in West Africa, is among the worst for access to clean water — and among the world’s poorest. Over 40% of Niger’s population lives on less than $2.15 a day. Most people farm, so they struggle with water shortages and frequent droughts in arid, desert-like conditions.

In Niger, World Vision is focused on creating sustainable WASH programs. We work closely with the national government’s Ministry of Water Resources and Sanitation, the private sector, and community groups that we organize and train to manage and maintain their water systems. In 2019, we helped bring clean drinking water sources to 101,100 people and served 98,000 with household sanitation.

Papua New Guinea: 55% lack basic water services

Much of Papua New Guinea’s rural population lives in remote communities scattered among the country’s 600 Asia Pacific islands. Often islanders struggle with lack of clean water and sanitation, and many have little understanding of basic hygiene practices. Papua New Guinea is one of the most disaster-prone countries in the region, with frequent cyclones and flooding events that damage and destroy infrastructure, homes, and crops. World Vision supports work in Papua New Guinea that focuses on boosting health systems and building up resilience in families and communities. Components of that work include improving access to water and sanitation, along with promoting hygiene behavior change.

Democratic Republic of the Congo: 54% lack basic water services

The Democratic Republic of the Congo is Africa’s second-largest country next to Algeria. Within its borders, there’s a ton of need — conflicts in the East and Central Kasai regions and disease outbreaks, including Ebola viral disease in the northeast. Nearly 64% of Congolese live in extreme poverty, making it among the five poorest nations in the world. Unclean water is all many people have for drinking, cooking, and washing. Dirty water leads to diseases such as diarrhea and cholera, which sap vulnerable children’s energy and, sometimes, their very life.

In 2019, World Vision built and rehabilitated 468 new wells and water points in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and helped more than 125,000 people gain access to clean water. Our emergency WASH programs helped combat the spread of cholera through door-to-door hygiene behavior promotions and aid to schools, health centers, and families under Ebola quarantines.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0RHj-4zWxAk&feature=youtu.be

Chad: 54% lack basic water services

In Chad, only 1 in 2 children can access clean drinking water, and access to improved sanitation is available to 1 in 10, according to UNICEF. World Vision assisted 29,000 people in Chad in gaining access to clean drinking water, and 34 communities became certified as free of open defecation in 2019. To achieve these goals, we constructed more than four borehole wells, equipping communities, schools, and health facilities.

Ethiopia: 50% lack basic water services

Ethiopia has Africa’s second highest population — 120 million people — and about 64 million of them lack basic access to clean water. While Ethiopia’s northern highlands often receive plentiful rainfall, periods of severe drought and rainfall variability bring a measure of urgency to the delivery of sustainable water supplies. This is especially true for rural people, who make up 80% of the population.

In 2019, World Vision’s WASH program in helped 350,000 people access clean water in their communities, 396,000 people build latrines at their homes, and 450,000 people learn about personal hygiene and sanitation. Innovative solar-powered water pumping systems are also bringing reliable water services to areas where the electric grid has yet to arrive.

Eritrea: 48% lack basic water services

In East Africa, Eritrea has made significant gains in providing access to clean water and sanitation for communities. Lack of adequate household sanitation means open water sources are often contaminated by human and animal waste. Deforestation and poor farming practices also make the problem of water pollution worse. However, Eritrea is seeing improvements in water as government, nongovernmental organizations, and private companies unite their efforts with communities.

Somalia: 44% lack basic water services

Lack of clean water and sanitation, along with poor hygiene, contribute to a high rate of water-related diseases, which are most likely to affect children and moms in Somalia. Making matters even worse, conflict, drought, and a worsening hunger crisis have displaced nearly 3 million people in the country.

World Vision helped about 82,000 people in Somalia gain access to clean water by building boreholes and rehabilitating shallow wells in 2019. The WASH team also constructed three rainwater-harvesting dams, an innovation in Somalia.

Uganda: 44% lack basic water services

In Uganda, water and sanitary services haven’t kept pace with two decades of economic growth, population increases, and intensifying urbanization. The country also hosts about 1.4 million refugees, many from conflict in South Sudan. The international humanitarian response serving those refugees is woefully underfunded and stretches the ability of both refugees and local Ugandans to cope with difficult living conditions.

World Vision increased access to sustainable and safe water supplies for 56,130 people during 2019; among those were 30,872 children. In addition, nine schools had water sources constructed, providing 6,480 school children with access to safe drinking water.

Angola: 43% lack basic water services

Nearly one quarter of Angola’s 28.2 million people uses water from an unsafe surface river or pond. In some places, water is plentiful — but it’s not the water you want to drink. Carrying water home is most often the work of women and girls who may spend hours a day carrying heavy jerrycans of dirty water to meet their family’s needs. In 2019, World Vision brought piped water systems, boreholes, and rehabilitated water points to 16 Angolan communities that increased their access to clean water from 0% to 59%. These communities have already seen health benefits. With a much shorter walk for water, women and girls have more time for school, housekeeping, and growing home gardens.

Mozambique: 37% lack basic water services

In Mozambique, rural populations and people in the north are the worst off for clean water and sanitation. In addition, rapid population growth and urbanization are putting a strain on all water systems. In March and April 2019, Cyclones Idai and Kenneth dealt a terrible blow to coastal Beira city and the north respectively, displacing many families. Flooding continued for months, creating conditions for outbreaks of cholera and other water-related diseases. Nevertheless, World Vision’s water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) program provided more than 87,000 people with access to clean water and helped nearly 74,000 people gain household sanitation.